On December 26th, 2024, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development approved and issued two national standards for engineering construction, GB/T 50966—2024 Design Standard for Electric Vehicle Charging Station and GB/T 51077—2024 Design Standard for Battery Replacement Station of Electric Vehicle, which were officially implemented on May 1st, 2025.

I. Compilation of Standards

With the large-scale development of electric vehicles in China, the continuous progress of charging and replacing technology and the expansion of application scenarios, higher requirements are put forward for the construction of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. According to the standard plan issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China Electric Power Enterprise Federation is in charge of the organization, and State Grid Smart Car Networking Technology Co., Ltd. is the editor-in-chief. The standard compilation team has carried out the revision of GB 50966—2014 Design Specification for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and GB/T 51077-2015 Design Specification for Electric Vehicle Battery Replacement Stations. The standard compilation group consists of charging and replacing facilities design units, charging and replacing facilities construction and operation units, power grid companies, equipment manufacturing enterprises, automobile enterprises, construction units and fire fighting units. In view of the new situation and changes in the field of charging and replacing electricity in recent years, the standard preparation team conducted a comprehensive and in-depth discussion and revision of all parts of the standard, and fully consulted the opinions and suggestions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the State Fire and Rescue Bureau and other relevant national management departments.

GB/T 50966—2024 and GB/T 51077—2024 standards stipulate the design specifications of electric vehicle charging station and battery replacement station in site selection, layout, charging and replacing system, power supply and distribution, civil engineering, fire protection, energy saving and environmental protection. On the basis of the first edition of the standard, new technologies and modes related to charging and replacing such as group control charging, high-power charging, and pre-installed power station are added. Considering the safety of charging and replacing facilities and the charging needs of electric vehicle users, the fire safety requirements of charging and replacing power stations are improved and refined, and the design requirements such as site selection, layout, power supply and distribution system, measurement and monitoring are updated, which provides the design, construction, construction and acceptance of charging and replacing power station projects.

The promulgation and implementation of these two national standards will greatly enhance the standardization and safety of the construction of charging and replacing facilities in China, boost the application of new charging and replacing technologies, and promote the healthy development of the charging and replacing industry.

Second, the main content of the standard

(1) GB/T 50966—2024 Design Standard for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

This standard specifies the requirements of electric vehicle charging station in terms of scale and site selection, general layout, charging system, power supply and distribution system, power quality, measurement, monitoring and communication system, civil engineering, fire protection, energy saving and environmental protection.

The main contents of the revision of this standard include:

1. In terms of terminology, according to GB/T 29317—2021 "Terms of charging and replacing facilities for electric vehicles", the definitions of terms such as "electric vehicle charging station" were revised, and the definitions of terms such as "group control charging" were added.

2. In terms of site selection and layout, the scale classification of charging stations has been increased, the site selection and layout requirements of charging stations have been revised, and the requirements for floor layout of charging stations and related requirements for fire lanes in stations have been increased.

3. In the aspect of charging system, the design requirements of charging system are revised, the requirements of non-on-board charger output voltage range and output rated current optimization value are revised, the requirements of group control charging equipment are increased, and the reference standards of non-on-board charger and AC charging piles are added.

4. In terms of power supply and distribution, the requirements for power supply and distribution are revised, the requirements for power supply voltage are deleted, the requirements for low-voltage grounding system and low-voltage cable neutral line are revised, the requirements for power quality are revised and improved, and the requirements for voltage fluctuation and flicker are deleted.

5. In metering and monitoring, the selected values of rated voltage and current of non-on-board charger electric energy metering devices are revised, the requirements of monitoring system are revised, and the structural diagram of monitoring system of charging station is deleted.

6. In terms of civil engineering, the civil engineering design requirements were revised, the reference standards for the safety, applicability and durability of buildings (structures) were increased, and the design requirements for rain shelters and cable trenches were increased.

7. In terms of fire protection, the requirements for fire protection design have been revised, the requirements for fire protection distance, fire resistance rating, safe evacuation and rescue facilities between the charging station and buildings outside the station have been increased, the requirements for fire extinguisher configuration and fire water supply have been revised, and the requirements for fire protection facilities configuration of outdoor and indoor charging stations have been put forward.

(II) GB/T 51077—2024 "Design Standard for Battery Replacement Stations of Electric Vehicles"

This standard specifies the requirements of electric vehicle battery replacement station in site selection, station area planning and general layout, power supply and distribution system, charging system, battery replacement system, power quality, secondary system, system communication, civil engineering, fire protection, energy saving and environmental protection.

The main contents of the revision of this standard include:

1. In terms of terminology, according to GB/T 29317—2021 "Terms of charging and replacing facilities for electric vehicles", the definitions of related terms of battery replacement station were revised, and the definitions of "pre-assembled battery replacement station" and other terms were added.

2. In the aspect of site selection and layout, the site selection and layout requirements of battery replacement station were revised, the scale classification of battery replacement station was increased, the floor layout requirements of charging station were increased, and the requirements for setting fire lanes were revised.

3. In terms of power supply and distribution, the design requirements of power supply and distribution system are revised, and the reference standards for high-voltage and low-voltage distribution design, the requirements for power cable selection and laying, and the design requirements for box-type power distribution equipment are added.

4. In the charging and replacing system, the cable connection requirements between the charger and the charging rack are increased, the selection and layout requirements of battery replacement equipment, battery box, charging rack and battery storage rack in the battery replacement station are modified, and the requirements of battery box transfer equipment and vehicle guiding device are increased.

5. In the aspect of monitoring system, the configuration and design requirements of the monitoring system of the battery replacement station are revised, and the emergency power supply requirements of the network communication system are increased.

6. In terms of civil engineering, the requirements for civil engineering installation of pre-assembled battery replacement station have been increased.

7. In terms of fire protection, the requirements for fire protection design were revised, the requirements for fire protection distance, safe evacuation and rescue facilities between battery replacement station and buildings outside the station were increased, the requirements for fire extinguisher configuration and fire water supply were revised, and the requirements for fire protection facilities configuration of outdoor and indoor battery replacement stations and pre-assembled battery replacement stations were put forward.

Third, the significance of the promulgation and implementation of standards

First, improve and refine the design requirements of charging stations and battery replacement stations, solve common problems in project construction, and effectively standardize the design, construction and project implementation of charging and replacing facilities.

The second is to adapt to the development situation of electric vehicles and charging and replacing facilities in China, adopt new charging and replacing technologies and application models, and promote technological development and industrial upgrading in the field of charging and replacing.

The third is to focus on the technical measures of fire safety in charging stations and battery replacement stations, clarify the requirements of fire protection configuration in stations, prevent fire risks, and improve the safety of charging and replacing facilities.

The fourth is to coordinate the latest standards in the fields of electric vehicle charging and replacing, power supply, measurement, construction and fire protection, and improve the standard system of charging and replacing facilities, so as to provide reference for the subsequent revision of relevant standards.